Understanding SPF, UVA and PA Ratings in the UK
SPF is only one part of a sunscreen label. UK shoppers may also see UVA stars, a UVA circle, PA ratings and broad spectrum wording.
SPF mainly describes UVB protection
SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It primarily measures protection against ultraviolet B radiation under standardised testing conditions. SPF does not describe the whole ultraviolet spectrum, so UVA information should be checked separately.
UVA stars and the UVA circle
UK sunscreen packaging may show a UVA star rating. The NHS advises looking for at least 4 star UVA protection. You may also see UVA inside a circle, indicating that the product meets the relevant European UVA standard.
What PA ratings mean
PA ratings are commonly seen on Asian sunscreens and use plus signs to communicate UVA protection. A PA value and a UK star rating are different labelling systems, so do not treat them as a direct conversion.
Broad spectrum protection
Broad spectrum wording refers to protection across both UVA and UVB. Read the SPF and UVA information together rather than using one number as the whole story.
Our SPF 30 vs SPF 50 guide looks more closely at the SPF number itself.
Application changes real world protection
The NHS notes that many people do not apply enough sunscreen and advises liberal, frequent reapplication according to product instructions, especially after water, towel drying, sweating or rubbing.
For daytime top ups, the SPF Reapplication Planner can help organise formats around makeup, outdoor time and activity.
A simple label check
| Label | What it tells you | What it does not tell you |
|---|---|---|
| SPF | Tested UVB protection level | Complete UVA protection or how much you will apply |
| UVA stars | UVA protection rating used on many UK products | UVB protection |
| UVA circle | UVA protection meeting the relevant European standard | Texture or routine fit |
| PA rating | UVA protection under the PA system | A direct conversion to UK star ratings |
Once the label meets your protection needs, the SPF Finder can help narrow the format.